Archives for category: evolution

How many apples had fallen?
Before one of us noticed?

I really don’t care whether the story is true or not.
All I’m interested in is ‘why it took us so long’?
After all, things had fallen towards the center of the Earth since always. Eratosthenes had already calculated the circumference of the obviously round Earth back in 240 BC. And “By the 1st century AD, the spherical model was widely accepted, and Ptolemy developed maps based on a globe with systems of longitude and latitude.” According to the currently famous internet, obviously …

The way I see it, the world was not ready for it. Before Newton.
We didn’t have the ‘language’ in which to spell this new reality. And nobody really cared about the matter. Really invested into the matter, as opposed to interested about the subject…

But things change.
1492 Christopher Columbus discovered America. Trying to go to India but steering into the ‘wrong’ direction. Inaugurating the era of sailing into the unknown.
1524 The posthumous publication of Johannes Werner’s method of determining longitude and latitude by measuring the angular distance between the moon and other astronomical objects. The method was not usable at the time because the necessary data, ‘tables of ephemerides’ had not yet been published.
1543 Nicolaus Copernicus. a priest, published his famous book about how the planets circled the Earth.
1600 Giordano Bruno was burned at the stake for defending and promoting Copernicus’ ideas. The world was still not ready.
1595 – 1627 Johannes Keppler published a series of works detailing Copernicus’s heliocentric model of the Universe and elaborating mathematical tools for the job. Including a set of Ephemerides, in 1617. His work was met with mixed reactions, the opposition being mitigated by the fact that Keppler, a very religious person, never crossed any of the significant figures he came in contact with.
1687 Isaac Newton published his Principia Mathematica. Integrating and formalizing the work of many, Newton’s synthesis filled the ‘need to know’ of those concerned. While his theory was met with some philosophical opposition – Huygens and Leibniz, among others, on the practical side no one had raised any objections. Until Einstein, but that is another subject.

What happened?

People had been already sailing for some 2000 years.
But until then, it used to be a ‘craft’. Something passed on from father to son and kept, more or less, into the family.
The ‘Sea People’…
Vasco da Gama, the first European to reach India by sailing around the Cape of Good Hope, 1498, was the last of the ‘craftsmen’ who ‘discovered’ places. By sailing there using ‘the good old, time sanctioned, manner’.
Christopher Columbus, by sailing the other way around, was the first to transform this craft into an industry.
He also started the process which transformed the whole world.

Sailing and trading on an industrial scale demands a different kind of people. And transform those who embark unto the adventure.
Ancient Athens, heavily involved in sailing and trading, had invented democracy. The city continues to exist while we consider democracy to have been invented by the Ancient Greeks.
Ancient Sparta, Athens’ fiercest domestic competitor, a quintessentially agricultural society, was run as a dictatorship. Only ruins survived. And a myth…

Isaac Newton, and his readers, were able to understand gravity because they needed that knowledge.
Which was but a step in the road they were opening. For themselves and for those who followed.
Basically, what they did was to spin a new story, read ‘narrative’ out of information which was already floating around.

Are we capable of following in their steps?

For ‘only God knows what reason’ this very morning I was reminded by ‘the FB algorithms’ about a comment I made some 7 years ago.
“Democracies fend off challenges when participants value the preservation of the system—its norms and ideals and values—over short-term political gain.”

https://nonprofitquarterly.org/understanding-death-democracy-not-really-trump/


Kill time.
Solve problems.
Learn, understand, discover.

Gather information.
Grind it into a modicum of knowledge.
Make the call.
Implement it.
Wait for feed-back.
Evaluate and reach a ‘final conclusion’.

Formal decision making in a nut-shell…

Philosophy bothers itself with what to think. What conclusions we should be reaching…
Science bothers itself with the hows of the matter. How should we think in order to reach the right conclusions! ‘Right’ as in as close to reality as (humanly) possible.

But why?!?
Why do we think at all?

I haven’t read everything Ernst Mayr had ever written but I’m sure he would have answered ‘because we can’!
I’m no student of philosophy so I really don’t know whether a better answer has ever been offered. Or even if the question has been asked before…

So. What’s driving us to think?

Whoa! This is a different question, you know!
‘Why do we think’ is not at all similar to ‘What drives us to think’. But the second version is an easier one to answer…

As you’ve already noticed, I hope, this blog is about the ‘limited nature of our consciousness’.
Which consciousness is defined/generated by our ability to think.
Which has to be trained in order to be effective but I’ll save that for another post.

So, what drives us to think?
Sheer necessity, survival instinct… I’ll come back.
As the rest of us, I’m thinking as I go along. New paths open, left and right, but there is a place I want to reach today.
The dimensional dimension of the whole process of thinking.
I introduced the ‘driver’ to ‘open the space’. A driver needs a space to drive in…

According to the formal theory, thinking is a linear process. A narrative…
According to the day to day practice, a thought is, indeed, a linear thing. A narrative.
But the fact that a trail is linear doesn’t make driving into a linear something.

So, a thought is, indeed, a ‘linear narrative’ while thinking, like driving, is more like an exploratory process.

OK. Now that you’ve got my full attention, how about you get to the point?
Cut the crap, already…

I’d really love to oblige but I need to make a small detour…
I’m an engineer. As such, I do understand physics. Up to a point… Modern physics demand a lot of mathematics and that’s where I falter. As such, I’m aware that some specialists maintain that there are some 11 dimensions which measure the physical world… most of them being so tightly compacted that we don’t notice them in day to day life.
Same thing when it comes to thinking… There are many dimensions which may come in handy but I’ll mention only three of them.

Goal.
Individual prowess.
Environment.

Polichinelle is my witness. Each and everyone of the above dimensions can, and will, be divided in sub-dimensions.
Soon.
Here.

“Capitalism has already ended and we don’t even know it,”
“Anyone who owns that power can direct you…
to train you, gain your trust, and infuse desires in you.
This is no longer capitalism. Welcome to techno-feudalism.”

Yanis Varoufakis

Speaking to Euronews after his panel at Web Summit Qatar, the former Greek finance minister said the world could be heading toward another crisis like 2008, driven by the rise of stablecoins and powerful tech platforms.

“Capitalism has already ended and we don’t even know it” is, helas, true.
“Techno-feudalism” is, indeed, a pertinent description of the current state of affairs.
Any further than that…

Varoufakis is ‘long’ on money. He’s so heavily invested in this concept that he has somewhat lost his bearings.

For him, capitalism had started to die when public money has been replaced with the private kind. When people have started to replace national currencies with encrypted ones.
I’m afraid this is a huge misunderstanding.
‘Real’ money being replaced with the ‘fiat’ kind was a symptom, not a cause!

I hear you!
For purists, ‘commodity money’ is the real thing while fiat money is printed by the government. Hence ‘commodity money’ is considered to have ‘intrinsic’ value while fiat money is seen as being less valuable than the paper it’s printed on. For some of those purists, bit-coin – and other equivalent coins – are real. In the sense that their valuation comes from the market. ‘Bit-coin is valuable because people keep buying it’.
As if people buying gold, and accepting dollars in exchange for what they have to sell, is not the very same thing! Value being conferred by the free market…
The way I see it, real money is the kind people trust to use while fiat money is the kind which is ‘made’ by somebody.
These two are not mutually exclusive??? But why should they?!?

Back to Varoufakis’ confusion. Which is a continuation of that between capitalism and the primitive accumulation of money.
Crassus, a very wealthy contemporary of Caesar, was loaded. Full of money. The real kind… Loads and loads of gold coins.
Did that, Crassus owning an insane amount of money, made him an early capitalist?!?

Capitalism, the one hailed by Adam Smith, is about trust, not about money!
We became capitalists the moment we started doing business with each other. When when trade was no longer sanctioned by the lord.
When commerce no longer had to be ‘protected’ by the Mafia which previously controlled the territory. As was the case during the feudal era.
Hence the insistence of those who know what they are talking about when it comes to market freedom!
I repeat, capitalism began when market participants had enough mutual trust to trade directly. To deal with their partners without any intervention or mediation from the the powerful of the day.

And yes, if we look from this angle, capitalism has disappeared. People, those who populate the market, have lost both their trust and their freedom.
The vast majority of them are obsessed with profit. And the obsessed are anything but free!
Meanwhile none of them trust their business partners anymore. In earnest…
People continue to trade because they rationalize their greed. Consider that chasing the fast buck is the rational thing to do and are convinced everybody in the market are equally ‘reasonable’. That since all of them chase the same thing, all of them will act rationally. Hence predictably…

Which, as we innocently discover periodically, is nothing but horse manure. Bull-shit. Pure and unadulterated crap!

Crassus wasn’t chasing even more money!
He wanted power…

Another fallacy we keep entertaining is that ‘people respect the law’. And are going to fulfill ‘the contract’, without any outside intervention.
We’ve grown accustomed with contracts being fulfilled, in good faith, during the ‘good old days’. When a handshake was enough.
Nowadays… contracts are fulfilled only because the parties don’t want trouble. And this is not at all the same thing!

Unfortunately, Varoufakis is right. Capitalism is dying.
But I’m afraid Varoufakis still has no clue about what capitalism really is!
Used to be…

Id, Ego, SuperEgo.
Freud.
Consciousness is the ulterior level of self-awareness.

Added by humans through languaged interaction.
Humberto Maturana.
AI is a function. A human developed computer application.

Built by cramming information available over the internet
into computer circuits sophisticated enough to defy human understanding.
Social Media

Some 70 000 years ago, people – human people, that is – have learned to articulate. To communicate in a symbolic manner.
The next step up from coordinating their moves while hunting.
Acting like a pack was inherited from their primate ancestors.
Active communication, speaking with the intent to teach, was a human addition.

Not without consequences.
They were already accomplished hunter-gatherers and skillful tool makers. Some researchers have unearthed evidence that they were also artists. They were painting on cave-walls some 20000 years before the modern humans, the Sapiens, had started to displace them.
They were our uncles, the Neanderthals.
But it was us, the Sapiens, who have survived. To tell the story…

Us being able to speak, to language our interactions, has had tremendous consequences.
The most important one, even if rarely mentioned, is the ‘shape’ of our consciences. And the depth of our consciousness.

Some 10000 ago, people have invented agriculture. Planting crops and raising animals.
Already conscious, they had figured out the ups of the whole thing.
Unfortunately – their rationality was just as bounded as our still is – they didn’t knew what was coming…
According to some researchers – and to my first hand observations – being able to grow your own food doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll live longer. Or better…
But society, as a whole, was able to leap forward!

It took our homo ancestors some 2 and a half million years to evolve from primates to cave-painting humans.
In another 50 000 years, our already speaking ancestors have invented agriculture. And built things like Stonehenge and the Great Pyramids.

You don’t need to speak in order to coordinate your actions while hunting. Wolfs do it ‘silently’.
But you need a different kind of coordination, a deeper one, if you want to build things. ‘You’, in this case, is ‘you, the people’.
When building things, the builders need coordinated thinking. Coordinated action is not enough.
Hence religion.
Reflexive self-awareness, developed in contrast to but in cooperation with the individuals comprising the community becomes a shared consciousness. A collection of cooperating individuals generate an entire space. Open-up a brand new ‘volume’. One full of human made opportunity and governed by culture.
Nota bene, competition is nothing but yet another form of cooperation. Of a deeper nature!

Some 500 years ago, our fore-fathers have invented Science.
While philosophy was a coordinated effort to make sense of things, science had been invented to coordinate knowledge with reality. While philosophy had sprouted naturally, as a consequence of how people used, and continue, to be, science had been born, intentionally, out of necessity.
Philosophy and religion have happened naturally, depending heavily on the particulars of when and where they happened to appear. Science was invented as a consequence of where the people involved had ‘opened their eyes’. As a consequence of the circumstances produced by the previous efforts.


Nowadays, in the technologically built circumstances we have prepared for ourselves, we are currently cramming already gathered knowledge – too much of which being nothing more than mere crap – through computer circuits so complicated that we no longer understand.
Hoping that the elusive AI we expect to be born as the result of our efforts will ….

Will what?!?
Make more sense? Of what we call ‘reality’?
Or makes us even richer? Well, make some of us even richer than they already are…

One caveat here.
While humankind, as a whole, has leapt forward each time, individual humans have had a more nuanced experience. Depending more on the circumstances each of them had been born into rather than on their individual efforts.
Yes, people who were able to grow their food had been able to build magnificent things. The Egyptian and the Mayan pyramids, for example. The Stonehenge and the Atlit Yam monuments.
But if we look closer… only a small number of agricultural societies have been able to generate remarkable things. And only for a limited time… The rest of the agricultural societies had experienced nothing but hard work. Sometimes, too many times, wasted at the whim of authoritarian rulers.
In fact, each and every such breakthroughs had been a blessing in disguise. To be experienced by others but those who had borne the brunt of them being introduced.
Those toiling the fields had to work harder than the foragers before them.
Those sweating in the factories had to work more hours, yearly speaking, than the peasants.
Currently, people working remotely – connected to a computer – can hardly escape off-line.

History is full of peasant uprisings and various revolutions.
None of which had accomplished anything.
We’d better have a talk with our alter-ego. Or pray…
We’re headed towards interesting times!

Make
America
Lonely
Again

What happened next?
The Roaring 20s, Prohibition – and the advent of the Mob, the Great Depression, WWII.
In the rest of the world?
The Great Depression, Fascism, WWII.

Could America have made a difference? As an ‘insider’ rather than as a peeping Tom?

“The United States never joined the League. Most historians hold that the League operated much less effectively without U.S. participation than it would have otherwise. However, even while rejecting membership, the Republican Presidents of the period, and their foreign policy architects, agreed with many of its goals. To the extent that Congress allowed, the Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover administrations associated the United States with League efforts on several issues. Constant suspicion in Congress, however, that steady U.S. cooperation with the League would lead to de facto membership prevented a close relationship between Washington and Geneva. Additionally, growing disillusionment with the Treaty of Versailles diminished support for the League in the United States and the international community. Wilson’s insistence that the Covenant be linked to the Treaty was a blunder; over time, the Treaty was discredited as unenforceable, short-sighted, or too extreme in its provisions, and the League’s failure either to enforce or revise it only reinforced U.S. congressional opposition to working with the League under any circumstances. However, the coming of World War II once again demonstrated the need for an effective international organization to mediate disputes, and the United States public and the Roosevelt administration supported and became founding members of the new United Nations.”

https://history.state.gov/milestones/1914-1920/league

Was the World a better place after WWII? Was America happier? Inside rather than outside?

And the Lord God said, Behold, the man is become as one of us,
to know good and evil: and now, lest he put forth his hand,
and take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live for ever:
Therefore the Lord God sent him forth from the garden of Eden,
to till the ground from whence he was taken.

“They’re extremely simple and accessible objects, which is not always the case with math research,” Schwartz said. “It’s the kind of thing that you could explain … to an eight-year-old.”

This doesn’t make much sense, does it?
Driving ‘man’ “forth from the garden of Eden”, that is… The Mobius band, as stated above, is a simple thing!

After all, knowing good and evil is a natural thing. For humans… ‘Man’ doesn’t need to ‘raise a hand and eat some fruit’… Living among like-minded peers is enough. As long as they talk to each other, of course.
As for ‘living for ever’… that’s impossible. Not only for ‘men’ but also for gods. So many of them are nothing more than memories… like ‘ordinary’ deceased people, right?

So.
Somebody mentioned it in one of the most interesting books known to ‘man’. Not only interesting but also extremely consequential.
Then it must mean something. Despite not making much sense, on the face of it…

What if we look at the whole thing as a metaphor?
As the story of how ‘man’ has become a conscious human being? Instead of a mere historical rendition…

‘But I was under the impression that all cosmogonies were exactly that. Stories meant to impart sense to the Universe. To make it acceptable to the conscious ‘man’…’

Indeed. That’s exactly what cosmogonies do. Did…
Only calling them cosmogonies shreds the magic. To use another metaphor, using the wrong name transforms a swan into a lame duck.

OK, the Bible is a cosmogony. One of many.
But there are many ways to read it.
From the inside, as a ‘bible’. And from the outside. As a cosmogony…

Which brings us to the point.
Science – cold, rational observation performed by conscious agents – can be made only from the ‘outside’. Any personal involvement of the observing agent, any feelings towards the observed subject, will only add layers of bias on top of the ‘desired’ knowledge.

Ouch?!?

How can a ‘rational conscious agent’ observe the world they live in as if they were on the outside?!?
Not only ‘banished outside’ but also made ‘to till the ground from whence he was taken’? …

No hard feelings allowed!
No feelings at all, actually…

Rob Peter to Pay Paul

Riding and driving.
Similar and, yet, so different.

Riding used to be about transporting yourself. On the back of a horse, mostly. Now using a bike, but the principle is the same.
Driving used to be about transporting cargo. Or other people…

The key words here being “used to”.
Nowadays most driving and riding is about transporting single persons. Usually for ‘work related goals’. That despite the fact that almost all merchandise ‘spends time’ inside ‘wheeled transportation devices’.

On the other hand, both driving and riding are about balancing goal, means and sheer luck.

Goals may not be always chosen by the drivers. Yet getting there is determined by the ability of the drivers to ‘do their thing’.
Furthermore, during the voyage, the drivers have also to keep an eye open for the ‘well being’ of their ride. You know… make sure the horses get enough to drink, fill the tank from time to time, checking the lube oil… things like that.
Finally, but not least importantly, the drivers must cope with everything life throws at them.

Which brings us to the point of the day.
Most people don’t get to decide much. Not as autonomously as they do it ‘behind the wheel’. A vast majority of the jobs open for the ‘average guys’ are highly ‘procedured’. Most people have to follow strict sets of instructions, after they reach their working places. Then make ends meet in rather ‘meager economic conditions’ after they get back home. Driving back and forth between those two places define the freest periods of their days.

The way things are going now, global warming and self-driving cars, we must find fresh ways to let our autonomy roam free.

Some forty odd years ago, a co-worker asked me: ‘What do you think about the UFO-s?’.

Romania, while Ceausescu was still running the show.
People had time on their hands to consider subjects like that. Unidentified Flying Objects. No TV to watch. Only two hours each day. Most of it repeating what Ceausescu had just said. No vacation to plan. People didn’t have enough money. Nor were allowed to go abroad. No books worth reading. No new books worth to be read, anyway… So people spent their time discussing ‘safe’ subjects.

‘Well, I’m not sure they actually exist. I haven’t seen one myself.
But if they do… that might mean we’re under surveillance.
Not that different from what we do in the jungle. Study the chimpanzee. Without interfering in their evolution!’

?!?

‘Do you feel exploited?’

‘No…’

‘Well… We, humans have been exploiting those who were weaker than us. Remember what happened when the Spaniards had discovered America. Or when the English had managed to conquer India. Control China. When the Americans ‘opened up’ Japan…
Now let’s accept the UFO’s as being real.
They must be controlled by very powerful agents. The kind of people which could, if they so wished, very easily control the entire Earth. Transform it into a colony. Which didn’t happen.
Which means they’re not like us. Like we used to be, anyway.
And let me go further.
If they do exist, and do have a certain technological prowess, they may behave in two ways. Peacefully or aggressively.
We’ve already established that they seem to be peaceful. And probably have been so for quite a while.
Then they’re no longer able to fight. Ready to risk their lives in battle.
Hence they’ll be using their technological prowess to protect themselves. Against ‘fresh’, immature, civilizations. Whose members continue to believe it’s worthwhile to risk their lives if the reward is big enough. Who are still ‘ready to fight’.
According to this scenario, the UFO-s are here to make sure we don’t get out in the space until we learn to behave.

A couple of years ago, I stumbled upon Liu Cixin’s Trilogy. In which he exposes the ‘Dark Forrest Hypothesis’. A couple of weeks ago, I came across the final book of the trilogy, the Death’s End.
Reading it, I remembered the discussion I had with my co-worker.

So, which will it be?
And, even more importantly, will we learn from our own mistakes?

Nothing which is impossible may ever happen.’
Until it does…

Life happens. Because it is, after all, possible.
In certain conditions, true.

Life, individually speaking, is limited. Individual organisms live for a while. Then go away.
Species adapt themselves. Or disappear…
Evolution! That’s how we, conscious observers, call this process.
Life itself, the entire phenomenon, may happen – as I’ve already mentioned, I know – only ‘inside’ a certain ‘environmental bracket’. The kind of life we’re familiar with, anyway.

The ‘impossible’ I’ve started with is a very interesting thing.
First of all, it’s – again – us who have come up with the notion. Until we’ve started to observe, things happened. Or not… But there was nobody to tell whether something was possible. Or impossible…
Things which could happen, did – if the conditions were right for long enough, while things which could not – at least not in the then present circumstances – simply didn’t happen. Without anybody noticing any of those things.
Now, that we’ve started to observe – in a conscious, as in ‘what’s in it for us’, manner – we’ve become very much interested in whether something may happen or not. Whether something good might be ‘enticed’ to happen and whether something bad might be prevented from happening.

I need to go back to ‘life’ for a moment.
I’ve already mentioned that individual life is temporary. Finite. I’ve also mentioned that species have to adapt to changes in order to survive. And that life itself, as we know it, can happen only inside a certain environmental bracket.
The point being that individual organisms which happen to be less than perfect – less than perfectly attuned to their environment – may still survive. At least for a while.
Life, as a phenomenon and strictly inside that environmental bracket, has somehow stretched the very notion of possible/impossible. The limits of ‘impossible’ are no longer clear cut. Somehow hazy. As in ‘possible’ but not for very long…
‘In constant balance’.

And we’ve arrived to the next level.
Society. Conscious people in congress.
Just as life has stretched the limits of ‘possible/impossible’, society – us, individual people working in concert – has stretched those limits even further.

The most blatant example which crosses my mind being the academic who had decreed that ‘heavier than air flying machines are impossible’. Lord Kelvin, 1895.
So. What had happened in the short 8 years passed between Kelvin uttering his now infamous words and the Wright brothers taking off? Had physics changed? Had our understanding of physics changed?
None of the above. We, as in ‘we humans’, made it possible. Found ways.
Just as life found a way to transform inanimate matter into living organisms – on a temporary basis – people working in concert have found ways to accomplish feats which seemed impossible. To their contemporaries. And, sometimes, even to those who live in the distant future of those achievements. We still have not figured out, in detail, how the Egyptian pyramids had been built…

I’ve been speaking of ‘individual’ achievements.
Flying machines as well as pyramids are, in a sense, ‘individual’. Somebody had an idea and, based on previous human achievements and with the help of others, have put their ideas into practice.
‘Individual’ not strictly in the sense that they have been achieved by an individual but in the sense that they have been the result of a deliberately targeted effort.

Other achievements had been ‘natural’. Or social?
In the sense that they had come around without anybody coordinating the effort. As in the case of the individual ones.
Learning to speak. To write. Yes, we do know that Cyril and Methodius were the guys responsible for the Russian alphabet. And that Mesrop Mashtots had created the Armenian Script. Only these efforts had been based on previous knowledge. Humankind had already been writing for at least 3000 years. Using different manners of notation but the principle was already there. And the achievement was ‘folkloric’ in nature. No identifiable author. The feat belonged to the entire community.

Another social/natural achievement is morals. Our habit of doing ‘the right thing’.
Which is different from what is being known as ‘justice’. Formal law being upheld by the government. Which is, basically, a collection of individual achievements.
So, why do we – statistically speaking – behave in a moral manner?

Evolutionary speaking, simply because moral communities fare better than amoral ones. And even better than immoral ones.
Don’t believe me? You’re not convinced that immoral communities will, sooner rather than later, either change their ways or crumble under the weight of their undoings? You are still under the impression that immorality is here to stay? Based on what you witness on a daily basis?
Do you remember that “individual organisms which happen to be less than perfect – less than perfectly attuned to their environment – may still survive. At least for a while”? Same thing goes for communities/societies. Communism, amoral by definition and profoundly immoral in practice, did survive for quite a while.

Then why do we stray from the ‘straight and narrow’?
Why do so many of us succumb to temptation?
I’m going to save that for the next post. But I’ll add this here.
Each digression is individual in nature. The consequence of ‘a deliberately targeted effort’. An individual human being comes up with a new idea. Good or bad. Is followed, if at all, by a group. Which group will survive – and add the ‘new’ idea to what is called ‘tradition’ if, and only if, that ‘new’ idea is beneficial for its survival. If that new idea works in the particular set of circumstances where that group of people live. Only after that had happened, after the group had survived for long enough and the new idea had become traditional, that particular, individual, achievement becomes a social one. The original author of the idea is forgotten and the engendered habit becomes natural.

Things – every’thing’, actually – are/is relative.
Relative to the agent evaluating each of those things
.
Accordin’ to Einstein, that is.
He was the one who taught us to use whatever reference frame suits our needs.

Do you reckon anybody wasted any time or energy thinking about freedom before the advent of slavery?
Me neither.
Forget about the fact that, in those times, people didn’t have much time left for abstract thinking. Finding food and enjoying it with friends kind of drains your energy when you have to do it yourself… The point being that, in those times, everybody was free. Hence ‘had’ nothing to compare freedom with… No lack of freedom, no reason to speak/think about it.
No reason to notice the thing and no reason to coin the concept…

Hunter-gatherers have no use for ‘property’. Personal objects are just that and everything else either belongs to Mother Nature or to the entire group. And this goes without saying. Or thinking about it. People share everything as a matter of fact and common sense discourages the others to use anybody’s personal objects unless in an emergency.
Agriculture – either herding animals or growing crops – changed everything. Property, both as a concept and as an everyday manner of dealing with ‘things’, was invented and introduced in daily use. Productivity increased dramatically. Which made it possible for people to have ‘spare time’. For thinking.
And for planning…

‘The neighbors have better crops. Let’s go take some for us. And while we’re at it, let’s take some of their women too’.
The first slave was probably the first person to long for freedom…

‘Cheap’ slave work coupled with the increased social productivity induced by a markedly improved technology for obtaining food meant that some individuals could afford the luxury of thinking.
The Ancient Athenians had both slaves and philosophers. The slaves did whatever was needed to be done while some of the ‘beneficiaries’ had enough time, and energy, to let their minds ‘free’. To roam free in search for meaning.
To coin the concept and to explore freedom…

Relative “To whom”? To us!
We’re responsible for freedom and freedom is relative to us.
We have invented it. We’re the ones using it. In the sense that we’re the ones who need to notice that freer communities fare a lot better than the less free.

So freedom is relative both to those thinking about it and to each particular community.
To each particular community which puts freedom into practice!