I argued in my previous post that corruption is akin to decay. Going forward, evolutionary speaking, we need to figure out what’s driving it. It’s ‘raison d’etre’.
Decay, also known as decomposition, re-allocates resources. Frees resources. Resources previously used in an currently ‘dead process’. Building blocks currently stuck in a corpse. Waiting to be freed, in order to participate in the next living process. Corruption does more or less the same thing. Only less naturally. Way less naturally, sometimes bordering malignancy…
I mentioned corruption taking place in two environments. In a closed, abandoned, fridge – in an authoritarian environment, or in an open forest. A free society. In the fridge, corruption begets ‘hairy’, aberrant, ‘things’ while in an open society corruption plays a more nuanced role.
‘Intensity’ wise, at the individual level, there is ‘grass-roots’ corruption – like tipping your restaurant server or your hairdresser – and white-collar corruption. Which culminates in ‘pork-barrel’ politics.
‘Consequence’ wise, at the social level, grass-roots corruption sets the stage for the white-collar variety. ‘Educates’ people. Accustoms individuals exposed to it with the phenomenon. White-collar corruption weakens the entire society. Prepares it for take-over. Softens it for ‘revolution’. Not very different from an insidious rot weakening a seemingly strong tree before it is knocked over by wind.
Historically speaking – as in looking back in time – it’s easy to notice that corruption weakens both kind of societies. Open as well as the authoritarian ones. The difference being that it works in opposite ways!
Corruption frees, eventually, those living in authoritarian societies. The same process weakens the open, democratic, societies which allow it to grow malignantly.
Let’s remember. Hitler’s Germany was defeated not only by the valor of those resisting its aggression but also by its inability to adapt. By its absolute corruption. USSR collapsed, under it’s own weight, like all other empires. The British one included. No authoritarian regime had ever survived for the long run. Each change of dynasty was, in reality, the advent of a new authoritarian regime. People had no alternative in those times. On the other hand, no democratic regime had ever collapsed as long as it had managed to preserve its democratic character. What had happened in Eastern Europe after communism had caved in is ample proof for my thesis.
Some ten years ago – 2015, October 30 – a fire broke out in a Bucharest night-club. 64 people died on the spot, including 4 members of the band. “The day we give is the day we die” was one of the tunes Goodbye to Gravity played that night.
The inquiry had determined that corruption was the main cause for what had happened. Safety certificates issued outside any norms, dysfunctional health care, unresponsive authorities… Massive popular protest forced the prime-minister to resign. Things are better now, in Romania, but only slightly. Too slightly…
I forcefully disagree. Corruption, like decay, is a natural thing.
Let me put it in a different perspective. Decay may happen in an abandoned fridge. A closed space in which all kind of ‘unnatural things’ will happen if left unattended. Decay naturally takes place in a forest. Where ‘no longer living’ organisms ‘turn back to dust’.
A fridge – which is a dead thing, specially when abandoned – is incapable of managing anything. Including a process of decaying. A forest – which is a meta-living organism, if you’ll allow this expression – thrives as long as natural processes can take place. Decaying being one of the most important ones.
Same thing goes for societies. Open societies – the ones known as democracies – are no more and no less ‘corrupt’ than the closed ones. The ones usually known as autocracies. In the sense that those in powerful positions are equally tempted by corruption. Equally tempted to misuse their power… The difference being that the open societies deal with corruption in an open manner. Above the board. In public. In a court of law. While autocracies deal with the corrupt people only when the autocrat allows it. Only when the autocrat feels that a particular act of corruption is detrimental for his own well being…
So. Every time an open society exposes an act of corruption, that society becomes stronger. While autocratic regimes are corrupt from top to bottom. By definition. Very much similar to an abandoned fridge brimming with ‘hairy’ things.
At the end of WWI, the vanquished was left to her own devices. After having been saddled with huge war reparations. The US – whose President, Woodrow Wilson, had been the brain behind the League of Nations – went back into its ‘splendid isolation’. Adolf Hitler rose to power. Conquered the western part of Europe and then attacked the Soviet Union, convinced that the US would not intervene into the conflict. Convinced that ‘Western Civilization’ had become weak. That the good life enjoyed by those living there had ‘mellowed’ the people. Read ‘castrated’. Japan was convinced that attacking the US was a good idea. For more or less the same reasons used by Hitler to convince himself that America wasn’t going to fight back.
America had to fight on two fronts. For otherwise all her partners would have been conquered. For otherwise America would have been left alone…
Any resemblance with the current situation, when America seems to be extracting herself from the European front and when Russia has been left to her own devices after loosing the Cold War, is purely coincidental. And since there’s no such thing as a coincidence…
Doing business is not enough. America and Nazi Germany did a lot of business. Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union did a lot of business. The EU and the US did a lot of business with Russia.
WWII is ample proof. Winning a war is useless unless followed by a workable peace. Which comprises the integration between the victor and the vanquished.
Yet winning the war comes first. Any attempt to integrate an unrepentant aggressor is doomed to fail. 1938 Munich Agreement and 2014 Crimea should be enough.
Things – every’thing’, actually – are/is relative. Relative to the agent evaluating each of those things. Accordin’ to Einstein, that is. He was the one who taught us to use whatever reference frame suits our needs.
Do you reckon anybody wasted any time or energy thinking about freedom before the advent of slavery? Me neither. Forget about the fact that, in those times, people didn’t have much time left for abstract thinking. Finding food and enjoying it with friends kind of drains your energy when you have to do it yourself… The point being that, in those times, everybody was free. Hence ‘had’ nothing to compare freedom with… No lack of freedom, no reason to speak/think about it. No reason to notice the thing and no reason to coin the concept…
Hunter-gatherers have no use for ‘property’. Personal objects are just that and everything else either belongs to Mother Nature or to the entire group. And this goes without saying. Or thinking about it. People share everything as a matter of fact and common sense discourages the others to use anybody’s personal objects unless in an emergency. Agriculture – either herding animals or growing crops – changed everything. Property, both as a concept and as an everyday manner of dealing with ‘things’, was invented and introduced in daily use. Productivity increased dramatically. Which made it possible for people to have ‘spare time’. For thinking. And for planning…
‘The neighbors have better crops. Let’s go take some for us. And while we’re at it, let’s take some of their women too’. The first slave was probably the first person to long for freedom…
‘Cheap’ slave work coupled with the increased social productivity induced by a markedly improved technology for obtaining food meant that some individuals could afford the luxury of thinking. The Ancient Athenians had both slaves and philosophers. The slaves did whatever was needed to be done while some of the ‘beneficiaries’ had enough time, and energy, to let their minds ‘free’. To roam free in search for meaning. To coin the concept and to explore freedom…
Relative “To whom”? To us! We’re responsible for freedom and freedom is relative to us. We have invented it. We’re the ones using it. In the sense that we’re the ones who need to notice that freer communities fare a lot better than the less free.
So freedom is relative both to those thinking about it and to each particular community. To each particular community which puts freedom into practice!
The answer you get depends on the question you try to answer…
“To see Steve Lazarides, Banksy’s former manager, tag his creative genius by staging an unsanctioned exhibit, complete with a souvenir shop, is the greed Banksy graffitied against,” Chapman responded by email. “I can only await his response – and I envision a large mural featuring a rat with a human face.”
‘Art’s uneasy alliance with capitalism’… ‘the greed Bansky graffitied against’!
I gather from Chapman’s words that Bansky has a grudge with greed, not necessarily with capitalism itself. And I wonder how ‘art’ and ‘capitalism’ may ever enter into an alliance. However uneasy…
Both art and capitalism are, first and foremost, concepts. On a more practical level, both can be construed as ‘places’. Art is the place where people so inclined ‘do their thing’. Capitalism is a social arrangement. The current manner in which most social organisms – nations, in modern parlance – run their economies. Organize the constant exchange between them, nations, and their environment. As well as the economic relations which exist between the individual members of each society.
OK, artists do need to eat… to wear clothes, to use a shelter… Artists are involved in the economic life of the society at large. So artists do have capitalist ties with the rest of the world. Organic ties, not agentic ones. The artists’ need to eat does not depend on their will. Only their greed, in as much as they allow that sentiment to manifest itself.
Which brings us back to Bansky… I understand from Chapman’s words that Bansky has a grudge against greed! Which is fine by me…
Some other people, quite a few, have developed a grudge against capitalism itself. Google ‘anti capitalist art’. Click ‘images’. Most of the ideas present there are valid. Many of those yielding a lot of power, a lot of ‘capitalist power’, do behave badly. Are too greedy. Disrespectful. Towards other people and towards the environment. But should we toss the baby out with the dirty bath water?
Consequences. We are the consequences of the decisions we take. Of the choices we make.
As biological organisms, our fate, both individually and as a species, depends on whether circumstances remain habitable. Whether we can continue to live.
As rational humans, our individual destinies depend on luck, genes and on our ability to make good decisions.
‘Good’ decisions! The tricky part being that nobody knows in advance the consequences of our decisions… whether a decision we consider to be good – when we take it – will remain so after its consequences will have been evaluated. After enough time will have passed for the full gamut of consequences to unfold…
To make things easier, humanity has developed ‘culture’. Layered information which has morphed into ‘Weltanshauung’. Experience distilled into knowledge and accrued in time. Advice we no longer need to ask, only to remember. When in a hurry, we do as we always used to. Back to the tried and tested.
But there’s a small problem here. The cultural norms might have been ‘tried and tested’, hence ‘right’, but are we applying the appropriate norm in the given circumstances? Have we interpreted whatever information we have in the right way?
Ukraine is at war. Resisting aggression against all odds. Despite some of those in power attempting to access ‘undeserved rewards’. Unfortunately, war profiteering and corruption are as old as civilization…
“Earlier this week, NABU (National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine) and SAPO (Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor’s Office) said top company officials demanded illicit commissions of 10-15% from contractors. The corruption allegations center on contracts linked to Energoatom, which provides most of Ukraine’s electricity. According to investigators, an organized criminal group laundered the funds through an office in central Kyiv linked to the family of former lawmaker and suspected traitor Andriy Derkach. Among those named in the case was then-Energy Minister and later Justice Minister Herman Halushchenko.” https://www.kyivpost.com/post/64185
How do we choose to evaluate the current development?
As yet another step in the right direction? A country at war cleaning up its act?
Or…
Further more, what will we choose to DO?… after we will have chosen an interpretation to fit our ‘general disposition’… ’cause, unfortunately again, this is how we tend to evaluate things! Specially when we’re not diligent enough. Allow our ‘general disposition’ to take over and permit our reason to cowardly back off …
Help Ukraine to defend itself? And the rest of Europe? Freedom in general! Or give up? On Ukraine, on cultural norms which seemed set in stone until not so long ago…
Heidegger, the philosopher, has an interesting take on this ‘truth’ thing. Nobody does, and never will, know everything about anything. Lest of all about ‘everything’. Hence nobody has access to a ‘true’ piece of knowledge. Furthermore, ‘truth’ is about communication. About a message. An expressed piece of knowledge. And since there is no language precise enough to allow a communicator to cram into a message all they want to express… nor precise enough to allow a ‘reader’ to figure out everything the communicator had attempted to express… Which drives Heidegger to posit that truth depends on intent. On a communicator sharing honestly everything they know about a subject. On a communicator allowing the receiver of the message to reach their own conclusion.
I ended my previous post by mentioning the ‘fairy tales’ our ancestors have spun in order to ease their ‘passage into the great unknown’. Thus making their lives bearable. Enjoyable, even. In those times, ‘the truth’ – the unconcealed truth, in Heidegger’s terms – was that nothing made sense. That life itself was a meaningless joke. As a Romanian saying goes, ‘life resembles a hair from the private parts of the body. Short and full of shit…’ I’m not going to make a historical inventory of the various fairy tales the humankind has used to lullaby itself into accepting life as it used to be. Enough to say that they, the fairy tales, did the trick. Helped us reach the present stage.
I’m going to make a break here. And notice that any, or even all, of those fairy tales might, eventually, be proven as being true. No matter how improbable this might be. I’m not an atheist. I just don’t know whether a god, or more, do exist. What I do know is that, by their own admission, all of those stories have been spun by people. Each of those stories is about what the original ‘spinner’ saw fit to communicate on the subject. And the better stories, those who made more sense in the particular circumstances where they had survived, made it up to the present. Helped the respective believers to survive. Helped some of them to thrive, even.
Now, today, we need to make up our minds. Accept that our consciences are works in progress. That consciousness is a space caught up in an accelerating evolution. A cauldron of sorts. That each of those ‘fairy tales’ was useful in its own time. That the need to mitigate our cognitive dissonances continues to exist. That we’re responsible for our future. Nothing new here. And that there’s no one to save us. Not now. Or after we will have fucked up everything.
The ‘Truth’ being that ‘Give me Liberty or give me Death’ was a very effective call at arms. On the face of it, on the ‘logical front’, it doesn’t make much sense. ‘Death’ was, and continues to be, inexorable. Why, for the sake of ‘liberty’, jeopardize the few precious moments left to be experienced as a living creature? Specially when, according to the lore considered valid when Patrick Henry had uttered the words, a second life was going to open just ‘after’… ‘The Devil is in the details’! The belief in the ‘after-world’ works both ways. It encourages the freedom-fighters to take risks – believing they will get their reward ‘afterwards’ – and encourages the prudent to endure. Believing that they will get also get their reward ‘afterwards’.
Now, that I’ve ‘spilled it out’, I must confess that I’ve successfully convinced myself. I’ve rationalized, according to my standards, my belief that it’s our responsibility. To understand and accept that we’re responsible for the consequences we’re leaving for those coming after us. I don’t know what we should do. I’m no prophet. But I do know what we shouldn’t. You do too!
I argued in the previous two posts that we, humans, live in a three layered reality. At the intersection of three spaces.
One driven by a ‘primeval’ set of rules and inhabited by Democritus’ atoms. The living one. Inhabited by individual living organisms, ‘suffering’ the consequences of evolution and subject to laws pertaining to the biological realm. And what we call ‘reality’. A space opened up by our self-awareness. Inhabited by our individual consciences and furnished with culture. I prefer to call that space ‘consciousness’.
These three spaces have a few things in common. The actual, physical, place where they exist. The primeval set of rules. Which is valid for all those inhabiting these/this mingled space(s). The chemistry going on inside a living organism is no different from that happening in the inanimate world and the body of a fully conscious human continues to be pulled by gravity. Despite the fact that conscious human beings have have been building, and flying, airplanes for quite a while now. And a few ‘principles’ which ‘transgress’ from one space to another.
‘Inertia’. A ‘body’ tends to continue as it was. To move, on a ‘straight’ trajectory, or to stay put. Until subjected to a ‘burst of energy’. ‘Survival instinct’. A living organism tends to go on living. Until subjected to a ‘burst of energy’ or until it wears down. ‘Cognitive ‘Consonance”. Conscious subjects need to maintain a certain congruence. To close/rationalize whatever cognitive dissonances which happen to challenge their ‘Weltanschauung’. The story which imparts sense to their existence.
‘Inertia’ keeps the physical world together, ‘survival instinct’ drives individual living organisms to keep struggling against all odds and ‘cognitive consonance’ pulls us back from the precipice Nietzsche warned us about. “If you stare into the abyss, the abyss stares back at you”.
I’ve been speaking about three spaces. The older being the home and growing place for the newer one. Each of them being different from the previous one. But still having a lot in common.
Here’s another thing shared by all three spaces. ‘Evolution’. The concept – everything we speak about is a ‘concept’, first and foremost – has evolved out of our need to make sense of things. To make sense of what we noticed as going on in the world. Species disappearing and fresh ones springing up to make good use of new opportunities. All of these species having a lot in common and ‘evolving’ in order to survive changes in their environment. Well, if we look closer, ‘evolution’ takes place in all of those three spaces I mentioned.
Hydrogen, the first ‘species’ of atoms, gets together with other of their own kind and engender Helium. The process which keeps our Sun both hot and from gravitationally collapsing into a white dwarf. A gas, hydrogen, ‘coalesces’ gravitationally and evolves into a star. Hydrogen, the ‘basic’ chemical element, gets together with other members of their own species and evolves into the next chemical element. Through a nuclear reaction, but that’s another subject… And so on, until all the fuel is spent and the star either contracts into a white dwarf or explodes into a supernova. And then contracts into a black hole…
The main difference between the evolution of the living things and the evolution taking place in the inanimate realm residing in how ‘individual destinies’ end up in each realm. ‘Radioactive’ elements are unstable by definition. Bound to become simpler but not to ‘dissolve’ into their initial components, as individual living organisms do. ‘Stable’ elements are… well… stable. Expected to remain as such, unless they are sucked up into a star and transformed into something else. But to ‘die’, not even then … Stars ‘become’, ‘live’ and then become something else. Never ‘die’ ‘properly’!
Living things, on the other hand, are ‘actually born’, live and then actually die. The former organism ‘releases’ the chemical components back into the nature. To be – sometimes, if ever – part of another organism.
Until consciousness – the space – has been opened, to harbor individual consciences, ‘death’ didn’t ‘exist’. The process of dying happened unnoticed. Unnoticed and unnamed, of course. Not yet conceptualized, to use a fancy word.
Imagine now the complete bafflement which had engulfed the first conscious individuals who stared into the abyss. Who noticed and then attempted to understand death… What kind of cognitive dissonance must have been experienced at that point? At that stage in the evolution of what we currently call ‘consciousness’? Hence the various ‘cosmogonies’. Stories about how the world came to be. ‘Fairy tales’ meant to assuage fear rather than to explain anything. To ease the way out in order to make survival probable for as long as possible.
(You might want to read my previous post before this one. If you haven’t already done that, of course…)
Democrit’s atoms come with a clear cut set of rules. ‘Trapping’ them into a very predictable ‘future’. ‘If conditions are such and such, each of them atoms will do this and that’. Furthermore, and as far as we know, that set of clear cut rules is valid everywhere. Was since the start of time and will remain valid for as long as the world will remain ‘as such’. Our current understanding of the world – leaving aside various religiously motivated cosmogonies – actually depends on that set of clear cut rules being consistent over space and time.
At some point in time, and space, another set of rules had appeared. Even if we weren’t there to notice the event… Meaning that that appearance was a natural occurrence. We don’t yet know how that happened – not exactly, any-way – but we are satisfied that the first set of rules didn’t have to be broken in order for the second to appear. We consider that no miracle was necessary for life to happen. That happenstance and the first set of rules are a sufficient explanation.
This second set of rules is somewhat laxer than the first one. It still traps those who have to obey it into a certain behavior but those respecting it enjoy a way wider ‘lee-way’ than Democrit’s atoms. The second set of rules makes it possible for evolution to happen.
While the individuals involved – atoms in the first case and individual living organisms in the second – don’t have any say in the matter, the first set of rules is consistent in space and time while the second one depends on the specifics of each region of the space and evolves in time. Still trapped, but differently. The limitations pertaining to the first set of rules are drastic – life needs a very ‘narrow’ ‘window of opportunity’ in order to remain viable – yet the second set of rules ‘enshrines’ a certain amount of ‘individual freedom’. In the sense that individual living organisms do have a certain say when it comes to their own survival while the individual species have the ability to adapt to whatever changes happen where they have to survive.
Very recently – in the cosmological time-frame – yet another set of rules. Opening yet another space/place. Consciousness. Not unlike a Matryoshka…, the first set of rules ‘opens’ the space where everything happens. Exists, but somehow ‘insulated’ when it comes to the passage of time. The second set of rules opens a ‘narrower’ space. Narrower in the sense that life needs a very ‘narrow’ set of temperature, atmospheric pressure and the presence of certain substances. But a lot wider in the sense that the individuals involved have a certain autonomy and a certain sensitivity in the passage of time. The third set of rules, the one opening up the space we call ‘consciousness’ is ‘written on the go’.
It does have a certain consistency. For the simple reason that it is ‘written’ by statistically similar ‘authors’. Take language, for example. One of the sub-sets belonging to the third set. It is shared solely by members of a single species, wielding more or less similar brains. OK, different languages have appeared in different geo-historical conditions but every human being who happens to be alive is potentially able to learn any of the languages ever spoken on Earth… This third set of rules is usually referred to as ‘culture’. In the wider sense of the word. Information which is passed from one generation to the next one. Information which, shared among the members of the living generation, makes them conscious human beings.
I know, this is a startling manner of looking at things. Please allow me to shed some light on the matter from another angle. We have – we have noticed, more exactly – a ‘First Set of Rules’. FSR, let’s call it. Ingrained into the building blocks of the ‘real world’. Which rules will, hopefully, remain as they are for the entire foreseeable future… otherwise life, as we know it, will cease to exist in a jiffy. We have also noticed, while attempting to understand ‘life’, a SSR. Second Set of Rules. Describing/making possible what we call life. Which life is, by nature/definition an evolving process. Hence the rules themselves not only allow a certain lee-way but also are bound to be rewritten whenever possible. Whenever the ‘altered version’ doesn’t jeopardize the survival of the individual harboring that version. And whenever the accumulated alterations happen to be beneficial … a new rule is in place. Or a new species, according to the biologists. The TSR is a work in process. A lot more so than the SSR. In the sense that each individual ‘rule’ – piece of information added to the corpus of work usually known as culture – has been put there teleologically. On purpose. Never fully aware of all the implications but always as the consequence of a conscious act.
This being the moment when I remind you that this blog is about “exploring the consequences of our limited conscience”.
As living organisms, we are defined by the genes inherited from our parents. As socialized human beings, our thoughts are shaped by the particular culture seeping through our consciences. As politically governed inhabitants of various countries, our destinies depend on the wisdom of those calling the shots. On more than one level…
We don’t have much to say when it comes to our genes. We can always interpret the tenets of the above mentioned cultures. As citizens, and very much depending on the particulars of each ‘polity’, we can always try to influence the decision making process.
We cannot do much about our genes for a very simple reason. They are part and parcel of our ‘inner-workings’. The immutable part of what we are. We can interpret culture and attempt to influence others because of our consciousness. Our ability to develop a certain kind of awareness.
Consciousness, the ability, can be construed as a space. The place where our individual consciences exist, meet and interact. Our individual consciences can be understood as atoms inhabiting the consciousness. Like all other spaces. consciousness has dimensions. Hence regions. Each region ‘functioning’ according to certain sets of rules. Sets of rules otherwise known as ‘cultures’. Culture, in general and each of the individual ones, is ‘alive’. Just as life itself is ‘alive’.
Unfortunately, life is only ‘aware’. Not yet aware of it’s own self. Not yet conscious. Only a certain species of individual living organisms has, as far, developed this ability. ‘Culture’ – a living thing because it is animated by individual living organisms, the conscious ones – is also ‘aware’. Just as life is ‘aware’. But, again like life, culture has not yet developed a full consciousness. And awareness of
Atoms, in the real world as well as the individual consciences inhabiting consciousness, ‘cooperate’. Democrit’s atoms, in various combinations, constitute the ‘real’ world. Including here the individual living organisms harboring individual consciences. Conscious ‘atoms’, the individual consciences harbored by the living organisms which have been able to develop one, are about to take over a portion of the above mentioned ‘real’ world.